[0001 [0111 [0000 Ec[000000]LBf[16]AB BMidsummer Night's Dream BA comedy by William Shakespeare. Ec[000000]f[16]LBAndrew Lloyd Weber BTwentieth-century English composer of musicals for the stage, including ICats, Phantom of the Opera; Iand IJoseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat; Ialso composer of contemporary religious music. Ec[000000]f[16]LBanimation BProcess by which still images are made to seem to move in films or videos; performed by computers or by traditional multiple drawing methods. Ec[000000]f[16]LBApache BNative American tribe from the Southwestern United States. Ec[000000]f[16]LBarchbishop BReligious title of the clergyman, generally of the Roman Catholic or Methodist denomination, who is head of a collection of bishops and the churches under their supervision. Ec[000000]f[16]LBarchive BA collection of records, documents, or other materials of a historical nature, generally preserved for the use of researchers. Ec[000000]f[16]LBarrogance BThe feeling of being superior to others; self-important. Ec[000000]f[16]LBbagpipe BMusical instrument that makes sound by blowing into a reed attached to a tube or pipe that is attached to a flexible bag. Ec[000000]f[16]LBbankrupt BBeing unable to pay one's debts because one has no money; financially ruined. Ec[000000]f[16]LBbaroque BThe name describing a period of music, art, and literature, approximately 1600-1750. Things described as baroque are highly ornamented, decorated, and have an energetic feel. Famous Baroque composers include Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Corelli, Scarlatti, Purcell, and Monteverdi. Ec[000000]f[16]LFBaroque music is mostly based on religious themes. Ec[000000]f[16]LBBartholdy BLast name chosen by the Mendelssohn family when they switched from Judaism to Christianity. Ec[000000]f[16]LBBlackfoot B Native American tribe located in the Great Plains. Ec[000000]f[16]LBBohemia BRegion of western Czechoslovakia. Ec[000000]f[16]LBBohemian BA native of Bohemia. Ec[000000]f[16]LBCarnival BFestival on the day preceding the season of Lent, forty days before Easter. Traditionally celebrated with costumes, parades, songs, and feasting. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcarol BA song, especially for Christmas, that expresses joy. Ec[000000]f[16]LBCecile Jeanrenaud BWife of Felix Mendelssohn; they married on March 27, 1837. Ec[000000]f[16]LBCherubini BMaria Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842); Italian composer of twenty-nine operas who helped in the musical transition between the Classical age of music and the Romantic age. Ec[000000]f[16]LBchoreographer BPerson who designs the dance steps for a musical play or other dance performance. Ec[000000]f[16]LBclassical BThe name describing a period of music, approximately 1750-1825. Classical music is very balanced and symmetrical, following the musical rules that had been established by that time. Classical music is mostly secular and spotlights the newly-invented piano and a much larger Ec[000000]f[16]LFinstrumental group (compared to the chamber groups of the Baroque): the symphony orchestra. Principal Classical musicians include Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, and Schubert. (Beethoven's work also extends into the next era, the Romantic period. Ec[000000]f[16]LBclavier BA keyboard instrument, forerunner of the piano. Ec[000000]f[16]LBClinton BWilliam "Bill" Clinton, forty-second president of the United States. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcomics BAmusing stories in pictures and words that appear in the newspaper. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcomposer BA person who creates original music. A person who is able to take a musical idea or ideas and compose them into a longer piece which has form and content, and which has not existed before. A composer must have vision, technique, and great discipline to bring his/her ideas and Ec[000000]f[16]LFemotions to the written page for the performance of his/her work by others. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcomposition BA piece of music. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcomputer BDevice that performs mathematical, informational, or word functions and stores them in memory for further use or retrieval. Ec[000000]f[16]LBconcert BA musical performance for an audience. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcondo BShort form for the word condominium, an apartment-size dwelling that is owned rather than rented by its inhabitants. Ec[000000]f[16]LBconductor BDirector of a musical group, as in an orchestra. Ec[000000]f[16]LBconservatory BSchool devoted to the education of musicians or dramatic artists. Ec[000000]f[16]LBConstanze BConstanze Weber Mozart; Mozart's wife. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcountess BTitle of a European woman of noble blood or one who is married to a count. Ec[000000]f[16]LBcountry western BStyle of popular American music frequently characterized by electric guitars, singers, and themes of love and lost love, frustration and triumph, and other everyday occurrences. Ec[000000]f[16]LBdemocratic BSystem of government characterized by rule of the people. Ec[000000]f[16]LBDr. SeussB Pseudonym for Theodore Geisel, author of many classic and favorite children's books. Ec[000000]f[16]LBElijah BOld Testament prophet, who according to scripture, did not die but was transported to heaven by a chariot of fire. Ec[000000]f[16]LBemperor BThe ruler of an empire. Ec[000000]f[16]LBFanny BFanny Mendelssohn; sister of Felix Mendelssohn. Ec[000000]f[16]LBFBI BFederal Bureau of Investigation. Ec[000000]f[16]LBfiddle BAnother name for the violin, especially when it is used to play popular, as opposed to serious, music. Ec[000000]f[16]LBfootball BGame played on a 100-yard field by two teams with eleven players each, with goals at both ends. Ec[000000]f[16]LBgig BSlang term for a job performing music, especially popular concerts and in small clubs. Ec[000000]f[16]LBgypsies BMembers of a group of wandering people, especially those found in the former Czechoslovakia and other parts of Europe. Ec[000000]f[16]LBgypsy bands BGroups of music-playing vagabonds or travelers, especially native to the former Czechoslovakia and other parts of Europe. Ec[000000]f[16]LBHalloween BAmerican holiday celebrating the day before All Saints Day, especially commemorated with the traditions of dressing in costumes of ghosts, witches, and goblins and going from door to door collecting treats. Ec[000000]f[16]LBharmony BIn music, two or more notes that, when played together, sound compatible and comfortable to the ear. Ec[000000]f[16]LBharpsichord BKeyboard instrument that produces sound when a key is struck and it, in turn, triggers the plucking of a string by a quill. Ec[000000]f[16]LBHarry Burleigh BAmerican singer, composer, and arranger who specialized in preserving and furthering the music of African Americans. Ec[000000]f[16]LBhominy and grits BTraditional Southern American dish made of boiled corn. Ec[000000]f[16]LBHopi BNative American tribe located in the Southwestern United States. Ec[000000]f[16]LBhymn BA song of praise or thanksgiving. Ec[000000]f[16]LBJean Paul Richter BFamous German writer who lived from 1763 to 1825 and who was known for his humorous and sensitive, sentimental novels. Ec[000000]f[16]LBJuilliard School of Music BFamous New York music school created by a twenty million dollar gift by cotton merchant, Augustus D. Juilliard. Ec[000000]f[16]LBlandscapes BA view of natural scenery; paintings of outdoor scenery. Ec[000000]f[16]LBLeonard Bernstein BTwentieth-century American conductor and composer of musicals, such as ICandide Iand IWest Side StoryI, as well as a vast collection of other serious compositions. Ec[000000]f[16]LBLeopold Mozart BComposer; father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ec[000000]f[16]LBmanuscript paper BPaper with the music staff already printed on it, used for writing music. Ec[000000]f[16]LBmaracas BLatin American percussion instrument made from a hollow gourd filled with beans or seeds. Ec[000000]f[16]LBMass BThe central religious service of the Roman Catholic church consisting of specific prayers, songs, communion, etc. A musical mass follows the format of the church service with special music repeating what might ordinarily have been said by a speaker. Ec[000000]f[16]LBmayor BThe chief official of a town. Ec[000000]f[16]LBMercedes-Benz BPrestigious German automaker; one of the original car manufacturers in the late 1800s. Ec[000000]f[16]LBMichael Jackson BPopular African American singer of the 1970s on. Ec[000000]f[16]LBmilitary bands BMusical groups made up of musicians from the military. Ec[000000]f[16]LBminuet BAn elegant dance in 3/4 time. Mozart's first composition was a Minuet and Trio done when he was five or six years old. Ec[000000]f[16]LBmodern/twentieth century BThe name describing a period of music, art, and literature that dates from 1900 to the present. Modern music breaks away from the traditional scales and forms of earlier musical styles. It often reflects the mechanization of modern society and often includes new electronic instruments. Ec[000000]f[16]LFFamous modern composers include Ives, Glass, Berg, Stravinsky, and Schoenberg. Ec[000000]f[16]LBmovement BRefers to a self-contained section of a musical composition, as in a symphony. Ec[000000]f[16]LBNannerl Mozart BOlder sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ec[000000]f[16]LBNavaho BNative American group located in the Southwestern United States. Ec[000000]f[16]LBNew Orleans BCity on the Mississippi River delta in Louisiana, famous for being the birthplace of jazz and for hosting the Mardi Gras (another name for Carnival) each year. Ec[000000]f[16]LBnintendo BA video game. Ec[000000]f[16]LBoppression BTo enslave; to persecute. Ec[000000]f[16]LBopus BFrom the Latin word meaning "work," opus is a musical composition. Ec[000000]f[16]LBorganist BA person who plays an organ. Ec[000000]f[16]LBpauper BA person with no money and who depends on charity. Ec[000000]f[16]LBphilharmonic BPeople or musical group, especially an orchestra, dedicated to the enjoyment of classical, or serious, music. Ec[000000]f[16]LBpipe organ BA keyboard instrument. Sound is created when a key is pressed down. This opens the valve of a pipe or pipes and air from the wind box, or chamber, blows through the pipe. The sound can be soft or majestic, almost overwhelming in its power, depending on how many pipes are Ec[000000]f[16]LFopened to sound together. The organ has been called the King of Instruments. Johann S. Bach fused all old techniques into the greatest compositions ever created for the pipe organ. Ec[000000]f[16]LBprodigy BA child possessed with exceptional talents. Ec[000000]f[16]LBpunk rock BPopular musical style of the late 1900s, characterized by loud guitars and percussion and lyrics that relate to the issues of the day. Ec[000000]f[16]LBrefugee BA person who flees his or her homeland and seeks protection elsewhere. Ec[000000]f[16]LBrequiem BA religious musical work, usually for chorus, sung in memory of a person who has died. It has several movements, often following the Mass of the Catholic Church. Ec[000000]f[16]LBromantic BCharacterized by the period of music, literature, and art from approximately 1825-1900. Romantic music breaks away somewhat from the strict rules of the Classical period and displays great emotion with dynamics and choice of instruments with different tones. Romantic Ec[000000]f[16]LFthemes often included nature, the exotic, and nationalism, the latter heard in compositions based on folk music. Famous Romantic composers include Chopin, Tchaikovsky, Schumann, Grieg, Mendelssohn, and Brahms. Several modern composers have carried on the nationalism theme in their music as well; they include Copland, Prokofiev, Ec[000000]f[16]LFRakhmaninov, Bartok, Ravel, and Debussy. Ec[000000]f[16]LBrun of the bulls BTradition in Spain where bulls, bound for the bull ring, chase young men through the streets of Pamplona. Ec[000000]f[16]LBScott Joplin BAmerican composer of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who popularized ragtime music. His music helped with the popularization of jazz. Ec[000000]f[16]LBsea shanties BSongs sung by sailors to the rhythm of their work on their boats. The name is a variation on the French word "chantey." Ec[000000]f[16]LBSerbia BA republic of Yugoslavia. Ec[000000]f[16]LBserialism BA musical style based on the twelve-tone scale, used especially by twentieth-century composers. Ec[000000]f[16]LBsmallpox BAn often fatal disease with symptoms of high fever and blisters. It has all but been wiped out with twentieth-century vaccinations. Ec[000000]f[16]LBsolo BA composition for a single voice or instrument. Ec[000000]f[16]LBspiritual BA religious song of black American origin. Ec[000000]f[16]LBstrudel BGerman pastry dessert. Ec[000000]f[16]LBSuper Bowl BFinal contest to determine the champion among all American professional football teams. Ec[000000]f[16]LBSuzuki method BMethod of teaching piano, violin, and other musical instruments, popularized by Shinichi Suzuki in the late 1900s. Unlike traditional methods which teach music reading first, the method is one that stresses listening and imitation--similar to language development in young children--for early learning of music performance. Ec[000000]f[16]LBsymphony BA piece for orchestration which may have the addition of a chorus, as in Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. It is often thirty minutes to an hour long with two, three, or four separate movements, each movement being divided into a different musical style. Ec[000000]f[16]LBtarantula BDangerous, but not deadly, spider after which the Italian dance, the tarantella, was named. The tarantula was thought to inflict with its bite the sudden urge to dance in a whirling manner. Ec[000000]f[16]LBtempo BSpeed of music; comes from the Italian word for "time." Ec[000000]f[16]LBIThe Magic FluteBIB BOpera by Wolfgang Mozart. Ec[000000]f[16]LBtheme BA musical phrase or idea with a beginning, middle, and an end. A literary analogy would be the topic sentence in a paragraph that may get restated in many different ways in the paragraph. Ec[000000]f[16]LBUpper House BIn some countries, one of the houses of parliament; frequently populated by persons of noble rank rather than those elected to office. Ec[000000]f[16]LBvariation BA variation displays the composer's inventiveness in taking a theme and doing different things with it. Bach's first published music included nine variations on a march theme. Ec[000000]f[16]LBVienna BCapital of Austria and major center for musical history. Ec[000000]f[16]LBviolin BHighest in pitch of all the stringed instruments of the orchestra. Ec[000000]f[16]LBWalt Disney BFamous American entrepreneur who started out by creating animated cartoon characters for short films and who built an entertainment empire known for its family amusement parks and films. Ec[000000]f[16]LBWillie Wonka BMain character of Roald Dahl's allegorical novel, IWillie Wonka and the Chocolate Factory.I Ec[000000]f[16]LBwine steward BPerson in a restaurant in charge of knowing all there is to know about the wines that the restaurant carries. Ec[000000]f[16]LBwishy-washy BUnable to make up one's mind or hold on to one opinion; easily swayed.